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Johannesburg - South Africa is bleeding jobs as falling commodity prices and increasing wage demands force mining companies to cut back on staff.
In the past two months, at least seven listed mining companies announced plans to cut as many as 10 000 jobs in Africa’s most-industrialised economy. As the world’s biggest producer of platinum and manganese, mining accounts for more than half of the nation’s exports and employs about 440 000 people.
Weak economic growth because of power shortages, labour strikes and high wage demands are putting the government’s target of creating six million new jobs by 2019 out of reach.
A state report on Wednesday will probably show the unemployment rate rose to 26.5% in the second quarter from 26.4%, according to the median estimate of seven economists. That would be the highest level among 65 countries tracked by Bloomberg.
“We are heading for a jobs bloodbath,” Mike Schüssler, chief economist at Johannesburg-based research group Economists.co.za, said by phone on July 24.
''We’ve already lost thousands of jobs on mining and it looks like we’re going to lose more with commodity prices coming down this quickly, added to the complication of high wage settlements and higher electricity and water rates.”
The government started increasing spending and employment to boost growth after the recession in 2009. State personnel costs surged 90 percent since then to R445.3bn and community and social services, which includes the state, became the biggest jobs sector in 2012.
Cost cutting
“It is very clear that the government can’t create jobs at the same pace anymore,” Ettienne le Roux, an economist at FirstRand’s [JSE:FSR] Johannesburg-based investment banking unit, said by phone.
“The private sector created little, if any, jobs since 2012 as the focus is now on savings, cost cutting, efficiency, economies of scale and restructuring.”
Pay-raise demands in excess of inflation, which accelerated to 4.7% in June, are adding to the unemployment crisis.
The National Union of Mineworkers [JSE:NUM], the biggest labour group at the gold mines, is seeking increases of more than 60%. Employers respond to higher wages by cutting back on staff, Andrew Levy, managing partner of labour-market consultancy Andrew Levy Employment, said by phone.
A strike halted most of the operations of the world’s three biggest platinum producers for five months last year, ended when companies agreed to pay increases of as much as 35%. Lonmin [JSE:LON], the third-largest producer, plans to cut as many as 6 000 jobs, it said on July 24.
A 44% decline in the platinum price since 2011 has made marginal mines unprofitable across the industry. Spot platinum was unchanged at $982.50 an ounce at 10:20 in London on Tuesday
‘Squeezing them’
Anglo American’s platinum [JSE:AMS] and iron-ore units are also firing workers, and Glencore’s [JSE:GLN] Optimum Coal plans to shut mines.
ArcelorMittal South Africa [JSE:ACL] is considering closing its Vereeniging plant in the central Gauteng province, the country’s oldest steelworks, which may lead to about 1 200 people losing their jobs, CEO Paul O’Flaherty said on July 23. Evraz Highveld Steel and Vanadium [JSE:EHS] said on July 21 it may halve its 2 242 workforce.
“The miners are getting less money, but their costs are more and that’s what is squeezing them,” Schüssler said. “If it continues like this, this is not the end.”
