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Dolo - Lush patches of green dot this once-barren land, allowing goats and camels to graze. A nearby field is full of large, purple onions thanks to a UN-funded project.
Four months after the UN declared famine in much of Somalia, some regions are beginning a slow recovery from a disaster that has killed tens of thousands of people.
But many Somalis - women, mostly - living in a stick-hut camp in this border town say they won't return home because they're afraid of hard-line Islamist militants stalking the country, and of being unable to feed themselves and their children.
The UN last week reduced the number of famine zones in Somalia from six to three and said the number of people at risk of starvation has dropped from 750 000 to 250 000.
Since the July 20 famine declaration, the UN has received $800m in aid for Somalia, and the US has provided $650m to drought-stricken Horn of Africa nations, including Somalia. Still, the fate of 13 million people affected by East Africa's worst drought in decades remains in doubt. Officials say aid deliveries must continue or recovering regions will plunge back into famine.
"We are just at the beginning of a phase of a potential recovery if everything goes well," said Luca Alinovi, the head of the Somalia office of the UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation.
"We are very far away from the end of the famine," he stressed, saying it will likely be a year before anyone is sure the danger has passed.
Puddles of muddy water
Drought wiped out much of Somalia's crops, and herds of camels and goats perished, or were forced out of low-rain regions.
But the arrival of seasonal rains has pumped new life into Dolo, a river town on the Ethiopian border that's in an area that was considered a famine zone until last week.
Now, small herds of goats frolic near Dolo's yellow flowering bushes. Camels munch on green shrubs outside town, and donkeys drink puddles of muddy water. From the air, a spotty green canopy can be seen in place of the forbidding brown landscape that existed in July.
A camp on the edge of town is home to 5 000 people, mostly women and children who fled the famine in other parts of Somalia. Somalis have also crowded into refugee camps in the capital, Mogadishu, and elsewhere in the country, as well as in neighboring Kenya and Ethiopia.
A Somali UN worker, Abdi Nur, said many of the men at the Dolo camp have returned home to plant crops. But many of the women said they won't join them.
"I don't want to go back," said Hafida Mamood, 62. "There's no security and no animals. We don't want to go anywhere. The food is here."
Other women nodded in agreement. "I want to stay here because of the security," said Fahim Mohamed Mahmood, a mother of four.
Nearby, barefoot children played, ducking shyly behind the colourful robes of the women as aid workers and journalists moved through the camp, dotted with rows of stick huts draped with tarps, blankets and cloth. In the distance, people filled large water containers at a central water point.
Challiss McDonough, a World Food Program spokeswoman, said the displaced Somalis "have to feel physically secure and have a livelihood that will allow them to make ends meet" in their home regions.
Doubts remain, and a recent push by Kenyan forces into Somalia has complicated matters.
Security
Somalia's famine has been made more severe by al-Shabaab militants who control the country's south and have impeded the work of aid agencies, including WFP. The UN officials say tens of thousands of people have died, though Mark Bowden, the UN's top humanitarian official for Somalia, said he doesn't believe there will ever be a precise toll.
Kenyan forces moved into southern Somalia last month to battle al-Shabaab, and Bowden said some Somalis have fled that fighting. The military intervention is also preventing some food supplies from being delivered, he said.
Alinovi said the conflict could keep food production down, despite the new rains. This rainy season, if all goes well, will only supply about 30% of Somalia's food needs.
"Where conflict increases, farmers do not go to plant. They stay out of their field. If this happens things will get worse and worse," Alinovi said.
Kenyan troops in Somalia are trying to move toward the al-Shabaab-controlled port town of Kismayo, but their advance has been slowed by rain. Ethiopian troops over the last week have also moved into Somalia to attack militants.
Security is not a concern for the refugees in Dolo, which is under the de facto security umbrella of Ethiopia.
On Monday, Alinovi visited an FAO-funded irrigation project on the outskirts of Dolo that has allowed 20 families to plant and harvest 10 hectares of onions, tomatoes and maize - food that allowed the families to survive during the famine.
Big purple onions lay in wet dirt. On the field's edge was a dusty generator that can fill irrigation ditches with muddy river water in a matter of minutes.
Clear trees and bushes
Keynan Ibrahim, a 20-year-old Somali who took part in the project, said he helped clear trees and bushes from the fields in early 2010 so food could be planted.
"We were not affected by the drought. We had enough food from the farm," he said.
Alinovi said the FAO spent about $8 000 on the project, including the cost of labourers to clear the field, seeds, fertilizer, tools, the water pump and a generator.
FAO has nearly 250 such irrigation projects in Somalia, and Alinovi wishes he had money for more.
"They were able to continue to produce even during the drought. They've been selling their food ... and they didn't need any support from others," he said.
"This is a very good example of what should be happening all across Somalia."
Four months after the UN declared famine in much of Somalia, some regions are beginning a slow recovery from a disaster that has killed tens of thousands of people.
But many Somalis - women, mostly - living in a stick-hut camp in this border town say they won't return home because they're afraid of hard-line Islamist militants stalking the country, and of being unable to feed themselves and their children.
The UN last week reduced the number of famine zones in Somalia from six to three and said the number of people at risk of starvation has dropped from 750 000 to 250 000.
Since the July 20 famine declaration, the UN has received $800m in aid for Somalia, and the US has provided $650m to drought-stricken Horn of Africa nations, including Somalia. Still, the fate of 13 million people affected by East Africa's worst drought in decades remains in doubt. Officials say aid deliveries must continue or recovering regions will plunge back into famine.
"We are just at the beginning of a phase of a potential recovery if everything goes well," said Luca Alinovi, the head of the Somalia office of the UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation.
"We are very far away from the end of the famine," he stressed, saying it will likely be a year before anyone is sure the danger has passed.
Puddles of muddy water
Drought wiped out much of Somalia's crops, and herds of camels and goats perished, or were forced out of low-rain regions.
But the arrival of seasonal rains has pumped new life into Dolo, a river town on the Ethiopian border that's in an area that was considered a famine zone until last week.
Now, small herds of goats frolic near Dolo's yellow flowering bushes. Camels munch on green shrubs outside town, and donkeys drink puddles of muddy water. From the air, a spotty green canopy can be seen in place of the forbidding brown landscape that existed in July.
A camp on the edge of town is home to 5 000 people, mostly women and children who fled the famine in other parts of Somalia. Somalis have also crowded into refugee camps in the capital, Mogadishu, and elsewhere in the country, as well as in neighboring Kenya and Ethiopia.
A Somali UN worker, Abdi Nur, said many of the men at the Dolo camp have returned home to plant crops. But many of the women said they won't join them.
"I don't want to go back," said Hafida Mamood, 62. "There's no security and no animals. We don't want to go anywhere. The food is here."
Other women nodded in agreement. "I want to stay here because of the security," said Fahim Mohamed Mahmood, a mother of four.
Nearby, barefoot children played, ducking shyly behind the colourful robes of the women as aid workers and journalists moved through the camp, dotted with rows of stick huts draped with tarps, blankets and cloth. In the distance, people filled large water containers at a central water point.
Challiss McDonough, a World Food Program spokeswoman, said the displaced Somalis "have to feel physically secure and have a livelihood that will allow them to make ends meet" in their home regions.
Doubts remain, and a recent push by Kenyan forces into Somalia has complicated matters.
Security
Somalia's famine has been made more severe by al-Shabaab militants who control the country's south and have impeded the work of aid agencies, including WFP. The UN officials say tens of thousands of people have died, though Mark Bowden, the UN's top humanitarian official for Somalia, said he doesn't believe there will ever be a precise toll.
Kenyan forces moved into southern Somalia last month to battle al-Shabaab, and Bowden said some Somalis have fled that fighting. The military intervention is also preventing some food supplies from being delivered, he said.
Alinovi said the conflict could keep food production down, despite the new rains. This rainy season, if all goes well, will only supply about 30% of Somalia's food needs.
"Where conflict increases, farmers do not go to plant. They stay out of their field. If this happens things will get worse and worse," Alinovi said.
Kenyan troops in Somalia are trying to move toward the al-Shabaab-controlled port town of Kismayo, but their advance has been slowed by rain. Ethiopian troops over the last week have also moved into Somalia to attack militants.
Security is not a concern for the refugees in Dolo, which is under the de facto security umbrella of Ethiopia.
On Monday, Alinovi visited an FAO-funded irrigation project on the outskirts of Dolo that has allowed 20 families to plant and harvest 10 hectares of onions, tomatoes and maize - food that allowed the families to survive during the famine.
Big purple onions lay in wet dirt. On the field's edge was a dusty generator that can fill irrigation ditches with muddy river water in a matter of minutes.
Clear trees and bushes
Keynan Ibrahim, a 20-year-old Somali who took part in the project, said he helped clear trees and bushes from the fields in early 2010 so food could be planted.
"We were not affected by the drought. We had enough food from the farm," he said.
Alinovi said the FAO spent about $8 000 on the project, including the cost of labourers to clear the field, seeds, fertilizer, tools, the water pump and a generator.
FAO has nearly 250 such irrigation projects in Somalia, and Alinovi wishes he had money for more.
"They were able to continue to produce even during the drought. They've been selling their food ... and they didn't need any support from others," he said.
"This is a very good example of what should be happening all across Somalia."
