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Bend - Dr Byron Maas surveys a supply of dagga products for dogs that lines a shelf in his veterinary clinic. They're selling well.
"The 'Up and Moving' is for joints and for pain," he explains. "The 'Calm and Quiet' is for real anxious dogs, to take away that anxiety."
People anxious to relieve suffering in their pets are increasingly turning to oils and powders that contain CBDs, a non-psychoactive component of dagga.
But there's little data on whether they work, or if they have harmful side effects.
That's because Washington has been standing in the way of clinical trials, veterinarians and researchers say. Now, a push is underway to have barriers removed, so both pets and people can benefit.
Chilling effect
Those barriers have had more than just a chilling effect.
When the federal Drug Enforcement Administration announced in 2016 that even dagga extracts with CBD and little or no THC - marijuana's intoxicating component - are an illegal Schedule 1 drug, the University of Pennsylvania halted its clinical trials.
Colorado State University is pushing ahead.
The US Food and Drug Administration has warned companies that sell dagga products online and via pet shops and animal hospitals that they're violating laws by offering "unapproved new animal drugs".
The FDA threatened legal action.
But, seeing potential benefits of CBDs, the American Veterinary Medical Association's policy-making body said recently it wants the DEA to declassify marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug "to facilitate research opportunities for veterinary and human medical uses".
It asked the board of the national veterinarians' organisation to investigate working with other stakeholders toward that goal. The board is awaiting a recommendation from two group councils.
"The concern our membership has is worry about people extrapolating their own dosages, looking to medicate their pets outside the realm of the medical professional," Board Chair Michael Whitehair said in a telephone interview.
"This is an important reason for us to continue the research."
Unlikely champion
Utah Senator Orrin Hatch, a conservative Republican, became an unlikely champion of this push when he introduced a bill in September that would open the path for more clinical research.
While Hatch said he opposes recreational marijuana use, he wants marijuana-based drugs, regulated by the FDA, produced for people with disorders.
"We lack the science to support use of medical marijuana products like CBD oils, not because researchers are unwilling to do the work, but because of bureaucratic red tape and over-regulation," Hatch said.
Dawn Boothe, of Auburn University's College of Veterinary Medicine, is waiting for federal approval to begin a study of dagga's effects on dogs with epilepsy.
The classification of dagga products containing CBD as a Schedule 1 drug, the same category as heroin and LSD, creates a "major, major, major, terrible roadblock" for researchers, Boothe said in a phone interview.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine were studying CBDs' effects on dogs with osteoarthritis and pruritis, or itchiness, until the DEA released its policy statement.
"The ambiguity in this process has really brought us to a screeching halt," said Michael DiGregorio, director of the university's clinical trials centre.
"It is research that needs to be done, because there are a lot of CBD products out there."
When it clarified that dagga CBD extracts are Schedule 1 drugs, the DEA said it was assigning a code number to those substances to better track them and to comply with international drug control treaties.
DiGregorio complained that researchers seeking federal approval to study CBD products are told to provide certain data, but that data isn't normally available until the study is done.
"If you don't have the data, you can't get the registration to do the work," he said.
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